Month: Декабрь 2021

Cinematography is the illusion of movement by the recording and subsequent rapid projection of many still photographic pictures on a screen. Originally a product of 19th-century scientific endeavour, cinema has become a medium of mass entertainment and communication, and today it is a multi-billion-pound industry.

WHO INVENTED CINEMA?

No one person invented cinema. However, in 1891 the Edison Company successfully demonstrated a prototype of the Kinetoscope, which enabled one person at a time to view moving pictures.

The first public Kinetoscope demonstration took place in 1893. By 1894 the Kinetoscope was a commercial success, with public parlours established around the world.

The first to present projected moving pictures to a paying audience were the Lumière brothers in December 1895 in Paris, France. They used a device of their own making, the Cinématographe, which was a camera, a projector and a film printer all in one.

WHAT WERE EARLY FILMS LIKE?

At first, films were very short, sometimes only a few minutes or less. They were shown at fairgrounds, music halls, or anywhere a screen could be set up and a room darkened. Subjects included local scenes and activities, views of foreign lands, short comedies and newsworthy events.

The films were accompanied by lectures, music and a lot of audience participation. Although they did not have synchronised dialogue, they were not ‘silent’ as they are sometimes described.

THE RISE OF THE FILM INDUSTRY

By 1914, several national film industries were established. At this time, Europe, Russia and Scandinavia were the dominant industries; America was much less important. Films became longer and storytelling, or narrative, became the dominant form.

As more people paid to see movies, the industry which grew around them was prepared to invest more money in their production, distribution and exhibition, so large studios were established and dedicated cinemas built. The First World War greatly affected the film industry in Europe, and the American industry grew in relative importance.

The first 30 years of cinema were characterised by the growth and consolidation of an industrial base, the establishment of the narrative form, and refinement of technology.

ADDING COLOUR

Colour was first added to black-and-white movies through hand colouring, tinting, toning and stencilling.

By 1906, the principles of colour separation were used to produce so-called ‘natural colour’ moving images with the British Kinemacolor process, first presented to the public in 1909.

The early Technicolor processes from 1915 onwards were cumbersome and expensive, and colour was not used more widely until the introduction of its three‑colour process in 1932.

ADDING SOUND

The first attempts to add synchronised sound to projected pictures used phonographic cylinders or discs.

The first feature-length movie incorporating synchronised dialogue, The Jazz Singer (USA, 1927), used the Warner Brothers’ Vitaphone system, which employed a separate record disc with each reel of film for the sound.

This system proved unreliable and was soon replaced by an optical, variable density soundtrack recorded photographically along the edge of the film, developed originally for newsreels such as Movietone.

CINEMA’S GOLDEN AGE

By the early 1930s, nearly all feature-length movies were presented with synchronised sound and, by the mid-1930s, some were in full colour too. The advent of sound secured the dominant role of the American industry and gave rise to the so-called ‘Golden Age of Hollywood’.

During the 1930s and 1940s, cinema was the principal form of popular entertainment, with people often attending cinemas twice a week. Ornate ’super’ cinemas or ‘picture palaces’, offering extra facilities such as cafés and ballrooms, came to towns and cities; many of them could hold over 3,000 people in a single auditorium.

In Britain, the highest attendances occurred in 1946, with over 31 million visits to the cinema each week.

FILM INDUSTRY NOW

Now the cinematographic industry has become very popular and in demand, it has begun to gain momentum and improve. In the 21st century, the film industry has developed very quickly, they began to use 3D technology, new equipment and much more. The film industry has developed, is developing and will continue to develop.

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The most famous films in the world

Films are a very beautiful and interesting things. Films has a lot of fans in the world. I am fan of films too.

This films are the most famous films in the world:

1. ,,Titanic,,

There is no one in the world who doesn’t know this film. This film is a 1997 American epic romance and disaster film directed, written, produced, and co- edited by James Cameron. Cameron’s inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks; he felt a love story interspersed with the human loss would be essential to convey the emotional impact of the disaster. Production began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck. The film is based on real facts after the tragic sinking of the Titanic ship in 1912, April 14. Film was the most expensive film ever made at the time, with a production budget of $200 million. The film is a very interesting, exciting and successful.

2. ,,Home alone,,

This film is very crazy, interesting, and loved by all. The film is Christmas film. It tells the story of a crazy boy, whose name is Kevin. Kevin fortunately doesn’t travel with his family. Left alone at house, he manages to neutralize the thieves who came to their house. He tortures thieves so much, that the thieves are fleeing in terror. The thieves are eventually arrested by the police. The film has a few parts, but all parts are more interesting and crazy.

3. ,,Maleficent,,

Maleficent is a 2014 American dark fantasy and adventure film directed by Robert Stromberg from a screenplay by Linda Woolverton. The film stars Angelina Jolie as the title character. Loosely inspired by Charles Perrault’s original fairy tale, the film is a live- action retelling of Walt Disney’s 1959 animated film ,,Sleeping Beauty,, , and portrays the story from the perspective of the eponymous antagonist, depicting her conflicted relationship with the king and princess of a corrupt kingdom. Maleficent is a powerful fairy living in the Moors, a magical forest realm bordering a human kingdom. As a young girl, Maleficent meets and falls in love with a human peasant boy named Stefan. On Maleficent’s 16th birthday, he gives her what he calls a true love’s kiss. However, as they grow older, the two grow apart; Stefan’s love is overshadowed by his ambition to be king, and Maleficent becomes protector of the Moors.

4. ,,The mask,,

When timid bank clerk Stanley Ipkiss discovers a magical mask containing the spirit of the Norse god Loki, his entire life changes. While wearing the mask, Ipkiss becomes a supernatural playboy exuding charm and confidence which allows him to catch the eye of local nightclub singer Tina Carlyle. Unfortunately, under the mask’s influence, Ipkiss also robs a bank, which angers junior crime lord Dorian Tyrell, whose goons get blamed for the heist. This film is the one of the most film of famous actor Jim Carrey.